The New Micro-Micro Domain Physics: Bridging Classical, Field, and Quantum Theories

Abstract

The micro phenomena take place in unseen domains therefore, they are not directly observable. Thus, following uniformity of nature, we conceptualize the structure and features of different existences in unseen finer domains assuming similarity with the structure in observable domain. For example, the atomic structure was modelled by Rutherford considering the similarity of the structure of the solar system which is known as planetary atomic model. But the model could not explain the atomic spectra and further faced the problem of stability of orbital electron. The reality based planetary model was replaced by the abstract quantum atomic model. The reality-based planetary atomic model could have been improved in the light of reality by overcoming the limitations instead of jumping to abstract mathematical quantum atomic models with unrealistic assumptions. The solar system is much more than the sun-planet system. Hence, the Rutherford model is incomplete which could have been improved by accommodating the extra nuclear space structure with space matter particles in the model having similarity with the space structure (atmosphere) of celestial bodies. The improved planetary atomic model with additional structural features has the new scope of overcoming the limitations of the Rutherford atomic model. Instead of improving the reality based atomic model scientists develop the abstract mathematical quantum atomic model to explain the spectra by making many unrealistic assumptions such as the wave particle duality of electrons and sub-atomic particles. Thereafter the assumed unrealistic wave-particle property of electrons and other micro particles became the standard practice for micro domain physics. The unrealistic assumptions for particles of micro domain physics proliferated to different theories thereby making deviations from reality. The field theory was introduced by Maxwell to explain the electromagnetic interaction. The field theory and quantum theory were then clubbed resulting in the QFT as the standard model in particle physics. QFT helped in obtaining the Grand Unification of forces of nature except gravity. Hence, we are yet to develop a complete unified understanding of nature covering different domains. Many new models are being developed to achieve the super unification of all the fundamental forces of nature. This author has identified the feasibility of the existence of matter in the micro-micro domain. This has made a change in the existing structure of atoms and other micro particles including the structure of vacuum/space medium. The new interaction of mass and space as the common cause of fundamental forces. This paper discusses the state of the art of existing abstract theories and proposes the reality aspect of micro structure of matter having micro-micro structure comprising so-called massless particles having mass and rest existence. The important part of the new reality-based physics is that the common-sense knowledge, cause to effect analogy are made valid in micro domain physics which helps the unification of Vedic science, spiritual science and modern science. 

Keywords: Vedic science, Spiritual science, Modern science, Micro-micro domain, Solar system, Planetary atomic model, Classical theory, Quantum Field Theory, String theory, Theory of Everything, Grand Unified Theory, Loop Quantum Gravity.

Introduction

In field theory, fields are considered fundamental entities of nature that describe interactions in space and they do not require particles for forming the fields (gravitational and electromagnetic field etc.). On the other hand, quantum mechanics describes the behaviour of matter at the atomic and subatomic levels. Recent quantum field theory (QFT) combines the field and quantum concepts to describe particles as excitations of underlying fields thus providing a framework for understanding the fundamental forces and particles of nature. 

Any form of potential gradient in space develops a field. Thus, field can form in space devoid of micro particles by smooth gradient of number density of particles of finer domain, say micro-micro domain, yet unknown. The field forming micro-micro domain particles skips the notice of scientists, hence the field stands alone as the fundamental entity. An object forms a field in its surrounding, therefore, two objects placed nearby have their fields overlapping one another. Thus, the fields of different bodies mediate interactions among bodies, meaning- they are the way objects exert forces on each other. The anticipated reality may not be true. Proper understanding of the structure of vacuum/space composed of particles of micro-micro domain gives a metaphysical understanding of the field-field interaction through the interaction of field forming particles. The electro-magnetic field-field interaction resulting from abrupt creation of particles (photons) could otherwise be interpreted in a simple manner through the interaction of different micro-micro particles (photons) belonging to different fields that result in release of photons to neutralize the instability. The new model dispenses with the difficult science of creation of photons in field-field interaction.

  Quantum mechanics describes the physics of very small entities, where energy, momentum, angular momentum, and other physical properties of particles are quantized, meaning they can only take on discrete values. It is easy to accept the assumptions of quantum mechanics but difficult to realize why such peculiarities exist in the micro domain alone? Again, quantum mechanics accepts the wave-like behaviour of particles and waves can exhibit particle-like behaviour. But in reality, the particle-like behaviour is confined to the particle whereas the spreading nature of waves is a property of the medium. Hence the assumptions do not correspond to reality even though the quantum theory describes events quantitatively. The accepted duality of electrons is not a reality of nature and the electrons without duality can as well explain diffraction and interference. Duality of electrons is a requirement only for the structureless concepts of electron and space medium. A real concept without duality, becomes unreal when examined in the unreal frame of reference.

  The field theory is clubbed with quantum theory forming the quantum field theory (QFT). The QFT takes the principles of quantum mechanics and applies them to fields, treating them as fundamental entities that can be quantized. In QFT, particles are understood as quantized excitations or vibrations of these underlying fields. The basic concept of duality as considered in quantum mechanics is also carried over to QFT. If duality of electrons is not a reality then the QFT also becomes unreal. The light particles and other micro-micro domain particles are now found to have rest mass therefore they are particles of matter [1]. Hence the naturally occurring micro-micro particles in space are the field forming particles therefore we need not have to consider them as quantized excitations of the field any more. Thus, when the field is excited then some loosely bound micro-micro particles (photons) are released from the peak potentials of the polarized field of the medium [2]. If the presence of naturally existing micro-micro particles forming the field is not perceived properly, then the other option is to create these particles from the excitations or vibrations of the underlying fields. The existence of less known finer domain particles being a natural reality, it is possible to conceptualize the structure of electrons and the structure of vacuum/space medium. The rest-existence of field forming particles brings a significant change in the basic hypothesis of QFT. The standard QFD model though considered a success but has limitations therefore it is not a complete theory. The Standard Model doesn’t include gravity, one of the four fundamental forces of nature. Attempts to unify gravity with other fundamental forces within the Standard Model framework have been unsuccessful so far. The Standard Model doesn’t fully explain why particles have masses they do, although the Higgs boson plays a role. The Standard Model doesn’t account for the existence of dark matter and dark energy, which make up a significant portion of the universe’s mass-energy density. The Standard Model predicts equal amounts of matter and antimatter, but the universe is predominantly made of matter. The Standard Model relies on a mathematical technique called renormalization, which some consider unsatisfactory. Additionally, the weak force lacks systematic analytic methods of QFT for describing non-perturbative phenomena. The Quantum Flavor Dynamics (QFD), a part of the Standard Model, describing the weak force, has limitations in handling low-energy, non-perturbative phenomena. 

Because of the above limitations of QFD, physicists are exploring new models. The following theories are being explored while aiming for success.

• Grand Unified Theories (GUTs): These aim to unify the strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces at very high energies. 
• Theories of Everything (TOE): These aim to unify all four fundamental forces, including gravity. 
• Supersymmetry: This theory proposes a symmetry between bosons and fermions, potentially solving some problems of the Standard Model. 
• String Theory: This theory attempts to explain all particles and forces as vibrations of tiny, one-dimensional objects called strings. 
• Loop Quantum Gravity: This theory offers a different approach to quantizing gravity. 

 The search for a more complete and consistent theory of particle physics is an ongoing endeavour. In the present circumstances this author feels the new natural concept of matter, charge, structure of particles and structure of space medium proposed by the author elsewhere [3] [4] [5] may have comprehensive answers to micro domain physics and macro domain physics.

Discussion

We describe different happenings of nature in an unseen finer domain by modelling the objects, the medium, the event and their interactions in many different ways (say n number of ways) to justify some aspects of reality. The reality is always one. Hence for ‘n’ number of aspect-based models/theories proposed for a reality, the (n-1) models/theories are not real. Thus, for n=10, 9 proposed models/theories are not real provided the real model/theory is one among the 10 proposed models/theories. It may so happen that none of the n proposed theories describe reality and all our theory-based understanding remains away from reality. In view of the above, if a concept, model or theory describing only one aspect of the reality (event) fails to describe other aspects of the reality (event) then the concept, model or theory does not describe the true reality of the event. How to examine which concept, model or theory corresponds to reality in an unseen finer domain? 

  All human beings including the explorers of nature are natural beings. What we experience through our sense organs directly speaks of nature. Any experiment carried out in a controlled environment also reveals the truth of nature. We do not make any model to understand what we see and perceive mentally in a natural state, because we see and perceive reality directly. The act of seeing and the act of perception are directly governed by the laws of nature, hence, there is no scope of entry of unnatural concepts by way of unnatural assumptions, hypotheses, axioms and modelling. Thus, seeing and perceiving corresponds to the truth or reality of nature. Again, one truth does not contradict the other truth. What we see and what we hear do not contradict. If nature is simple then, only simple science is enough to understand nature. The phenomena/events in finer domains are not observable therefore they are understood through different models. If a model successfully explains only some aspect of a phenomenon/event, then the model gets accepted and established erroneously as the complete truth/reality of the event. But the model that explains all aspects of an object or event corresponds to truth/reality. A model/theory aiming to know the reality should make use of the assumptions which are feasible in order to keep the theory close to reality. The wave transmission in vacuum medium not having adequate physical properties to transmit the energy waves is just not feasible. Thus, the wave theory conceptualized for light and sound are unreal considerations. Extending the wave concept to any micro particles simply goes to integrate error in micro domain theories. Again, the norms of nature are always consistent (invariant). If the norms of nature would have been changing then no law of nature could be feasible. Hence, the concept of wave-particle duality of light, electron and micro particles is a violation of the consistent norm of nature, therefore the dual concept should not be entertained in exploring the reality of nature. Examination of different happenings of nature reveals the most general norms of nature that, 1) The universe and all its constituents (galaxies, stars, planets, satellites, asteroids, macro bodies (leaving and non-living) are continuously decaying from the day they are formed. This matches with the central theme of Buddhist philosophy. One may draw a general conclusion that decay is inevitable for any existence in any domain (macro domain, microdomain and micro-microdomain). Hence the atomic model could have kept a room for decay of non-radioactive atoms, 2) The decay transformation of matter from one microstructural form to another takes place by quantum transition but behind the quantum transition there exists a slow gradual natural decay of continuous nature of the micro-micro structure of microstructure which at a critical state trigger the quantum transition of the microstructure. Thus, the cause of quantum mechanics of micro-domain lies with the classical mechanics of finer domain (micro-micro-domain).  The birth and death of any existence in any domain is a quantum event but the cause of the quantum event is the continuous natural decay of the structure in finer-domain (ageing). Nothing can happen abruptly without a precondition (cause). Hence the classical theory and quantum theory are complementary to one another and the cause to effect analogy is valid in any domain. When both cause and the event remain in the perceivable macro domain, there is no difficulty in finding the cause of an event. If the cause of a macro event lies in the known micro domain then also there is no difficulty in finding the cause of the event. But for a micro event, if the cause lies in an unknown micro-micro domain, then we fail to realize the cause of the event. In such a situation we make quantum assumptions for the dynamics of the microscopic world. However, it is desirable to know the basis of the quantum assumptions for clarity of understanding of the quantum theory. Developing any model/theory by ignoring the common-sense knowledge and cause-to-effect analogy deviates away the model/theory from reality of nature. The quantum mechanics developed for the micro domain makes abrupt assumptions ignoring the common-sense knowledge and cause to effect analogy which leaves a doubt on the reality of the mechanics. But quantum theory yields result, therefore the cause of quantum assumptions exists in the unknown finer domain. Thus, the reality of mass-space dynamics of the micro domain involves the interplay of matter and space in three domains (macro domain, micro domain and micro-micro domain). The macro body produces a field around it and the field contains micro particles and micro-micro particles as the space matter particles where the space matter particles go to form the field. The vacuum or space is devoid of micro particles but contains micro-micro particles which form the field in space. All micro particles including the subatomic particles have extra-nuclear space structure containing micro-micro particles as space matter particles and the space medium which is empty of micro particles contains micro-micro particles as space matter particles making the space a fluid of different kind. All macro phenomena are linked to the micro structure of macro bodies. In the like manner, every micro phenomenon is linked to micro-micro structure of micro particles. Hence, the reality-based classical physics could have successfully explained all micro phenomena in a natural manner by exploring the micro-micro domain physics. On the other hand, new quantum mechanics was developed by making unnatural quantum assumptions to obtain the result. How can the mechanics produce results ignoring a part of the structural reality? Quantum assumptions became unnatural because they empowered the micro structure by hypothesis to proxy the functional role of the less known micro-micro structure. The reality-based metaphysics lost its significance in the micro domain as it unknowingly ignored the structure and dynamics in the micro-micro domain. The abstract mathematical physics of the micro domain without the conceptual reality operated in an unreal mathematical world. Due to lack of natural conceptual understanding, the present science stands on mathematical footing where it is impossible to advance physics by logical analysis. Unlike the existing classical mechanics, the new classical mechanics having an insight into the physics of micro-micro domain has scope of explaining all micro phenomena in a conceptual manner. At present, the metaphysical reality is replaced by the abstract mathematical understanding of micro domain physics. 

  The Standard Model of particle physics, though successful in explaining many phenomena of nature but has limitations for which it is not considered a complete theory. It doesn’t incorporate gravity, explain the origin of particle masses, or address the matter-antimatter asymmetry. Furthermore, the mathematical framework of the Standard Model finds limitations in the context of the weak force in describing the non-perturbative phenomena. Therefore, physicists are actively seeking new models that can overcome these shortcomings. 

Nature is expected to have a common norm for all domains of the universe. Hence one class of theory should have been enough for both macro domain and micro domain. The man-made differentiation of the physics of micro domain and the physics of macro domain is caused due to lack of perception of the existence of micro-micro domain. Proper understanding of finer domains of nature helps to unify the physics of macro domain and micro domain thereby opening up the access to the theory of everything. The undesirable domain-specific understanding of the micro domain stands as a barrier for a unified understanding of nature. This author makes a humble attempt to identify the basic constituents and the basic interaction [3] which is universal covering all domains of nature. The basic formless constituents of the universe and basic interaction of the formless constituents is the cause of different formed constituent matters of different domains having different form-based interaction properties [1]. However, the range and strength of interaction is a function of the nature of state property of matter (mass, charge, mass density and the charge density) and the geometry of the form. One needs to be open in accepting the changes in the established concept of physics for developing a unified understanding of nature.

Scope of the new universal mass-space theory covering all domains

  The physical universe comprises mass and space as the only two formless basic constituents [1]. Space is an invisible physical entity and can have different space density (space content per unit volume) [1]. Matter in any state and in any domain, associates space hence it is a mass-space integral system [1]. Space also contains space matter particles therefore it is also a space-mass integral system. The number density of a space matter particle is directly proportional to the space density [5]. The universe governing principle is the basic interaction of formless mass and space.  The basic mass-space interaction is the unchanging supreme reality which is the cause of all existences and all dynamics in all domains of nature. The existence of pure mass or pure space is not found in the universe. Thus, we deal with matter (mass-space integral system) and space as space-fluid (space containing space matter particle) [1]. Matter has discrete form but space is a compressible fluid. Unconfined space can expand infinitely. Matter exists in different forms in different domains which includes the visible domains (macro domain and macro-macro domain) and invisible domains (micro domain and micro-micro domain) [6]. The formless interaction property of mass and space give rise to different form-based interaction properties of the formed objects (particles and bodies in different domains). Charge is a derived entity that appears in matter in a non-equilibrium state of mass-pace association relative to the equilibrium mass-space association (neutral matter) in the locality. Therefore, different particles and bodies in different domains have different form-based properties. The form-based properties of matter in different domains follow the domain-specific characterization without the knowledge of the universal form-less interaction of mass and space. The existence of micro-microstructure of micro particles and the micro-microstructure of space was unknowingly ignored. This was the reason for the failure of reality-based classical physics. But quantum mechanics was developed by backward integration from the result to justify the micro phenomena. The very fact that quantum theory is able to predict results reveals that the quantum assumptions unknowingly proxies the functional role of micro-micro structure of the microstructure. Classical mechanics can as well predict the result of microphenomenon by considering the micro-micro structure of microstructure while maintaining the free access of common-sense and cause to effect analogy. After all, classical theory is based on reality hence it would not face any difficulty in explaining any aspect of the reality. There is no difficulty in finding the cause of the fundamental forces and the unification of fundamental forces at the level of a common cause. 

 Presence of atomic and molecular particles in space forms the gaseous state of matter which in more precise terms can be called atomic or molecular gas. Likewise, if a space pocket is filled with only electrons then it can be called as electronic gas. In the similar manner when a space pocket is filled with photons then it can be called as photonic gas. In the present concept, light particles (photons) have zero mass in the atomic mass unit and no rest exists. But in the new concept light particles have mass in the photonic mass unit and they have a rest in the structure of matter and space as space matter particles. Light particles also carry photonic charge [7] and can form different fields in space. Formation of any field in space requires field forming particles in finer domains. 

Conclusion

The insight to the existence of matter in finer domains (micro-micro domain) brings a change in the structure of atoms as well as the structures of sub-atomic particles and the vacuum/space medium.  This brings drastic changes in the scientific perception of the structure of matter in finer domains and the structure of space containing space matter particles of micro-micro domain which influences the dynamics of micro particles. The abstract theories of micro domain physics can be translated into reality-based theories by the new understanding of micro-micro structure of matter and space. This new approach on the existence of the micro-micro domain has a far-reaching consequence in the unification of sciences. This paper promotes realization of the harmony among classical theory, field theory, quantum theory and quantum field theory.

Reference

1. https://philosophyofnature.org.in/towards-a-new-comprehensive-universal-science.
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4. https://philosophyofnature.org.in/new-concept-of-electric-charge-in-matter.
5. https://philosophyofnature.org.in/mass-space-structure-of-centrally-organized-systems.
6. https://philosophyofnature.org.in/different-domains-of-nature.
7. https://philosophyofnature.org.in/electric-and-non-electric-charges-and-their-inter-conversion.