“Life is fluid, ever evolving. The more dynamic you are, the more happens in your life”

– Sadhguru.

Like the previous issue, this issue of ‘Towards Unification of Sciences,’ volume 2, number 4, also contains a total of six papers; the first three utilizes the new fluid dynamics model to explain various motions of the orbital bodies by Prof. Bishnu Charanabinda Mohanty, myself contributing the next through analyzing the meaning of Nataraja’s statue at CERN, followed by a search for the potential of the nuclear force of nature by Prof. Kamala Kanta Jena, and finally the last paper by Prof. Rajat Kumar Pradhan and his coauthor envisaging the role of Gita philosophy in environmental developments. 

The title of the first paper is ‘Inclination of the axis of orbital body.’ In this paper, Prof. Mohanty introduces the fluid dynamics model and explains why the mean position of the axis is normal to equatorial plane of the central body and why most orbital bodies have small inclination (acute angle) of their axes in positive direction. He starts with the basic idea that mass and space are the only two basic constituents of the universe, and matter at any stage and in any domain is a mass-space integral system where both mass and space are physical entities. Of course, like the mass-density (mass content per unit volume) the physical space also has space-density (space content per unit volume). Then he incorporates the fact that any celestial body is associated with an extra nuclear space structure due to mass-space attraction, and according to this new consideration, the planets with their extra nuclear space structure move within the extra nuclear space structure of the sun. Likewise, the satellites of a planet with their extra nuclear space structures move within the extra nuclear space structure of their planet. Further addition of the fact that the rotating sun has spinning extra nuclear space structure which affects the dynamics of planets for their revolution, rotation and axial oscillation; complete the ground realities for developing the fluid dynamics model. Finally, the author, with help of proper diagrams, justifies the cause of inclination of rotational axes of planets and satellites, and concludes that the state of inclination of axis is caused due to the effect of fluid dynamics and not a continuation of its state of inertia from the time of its formation.

The second paper is titled: ‘Why some celestial bodies are potent in having orbital bodies and not all?’ This title obviously refers to the planets Mercury and Venus not having a satellite when all other planets have. It is also seen, not a single satellite has an orbital body (sub-moon) even when many asteroids have orbital bodies. So far, no definite reason could be given for this happening and it is left purely to chance. However, the author points out that in the new fluid dynamics model a rotating celestial body has a spinning extra nuclear space structure that helps in changing the direction of centripetal velocity due to radial acceleration by gravity in tangential direction which enables conservation of angular momentum. For stable orbital bodies the gravitational attraction is fully neutralized by the centrifugal force for which reasonable spinning velocity of space fluid is absolutely necessary. A non-rotating / slowly-rotating celestial body can’t have an appropriate spinning velocity of its associated extra nuclear space structure, thereby the orbital bodies of a non-rotating celestial body experience a dominating gravity and is gravitated. It is for this reason the non-rotating or slowly rotating celestial bodies below a critical speed are not potent. The third paper is titled ‘How outer satellites of major planets appear to have retrograde motion.’ This has reference to the distant satellites of Jupiter and Saturn. Using the newly introduced fluid dynamics model, the author explains that the retrograde revolution of satellite with negative inclination appears when the observations are made close to equatorial plane of the sun, however, an observation from directly above the orbit in northern hemisphere reveals the reality that the so-called retrograde revolution of satellites is actually prograde. He concludes that the fluid dynamic model is quite satisfactory for different motions of orbital bodies in solar system and has scope in developing a unified dynamic for different domains. 

The fourth paper titled ‘Statue of Nataraja at CERN: The cosmic dance of subatomic particles,’ analyses the scientific, mystic, as well as the historic meaning of this occurrence, that is, why such a spiritual symbol is placed at a place where deep rooted research involving subatomic particles takes place. Using literature pertaining to art-history and modern physics involving subatomic particles, it has been shown that there exist a number of parallels between the observations of modern physics and Eastern mysticism, and the metaphor of the cosmic dance apparently unifies ancient mythology, religious art, and modern physics. The fifth paper ‘Waiting for the potential,’ is a wonderful commentary by Prof. Kamala Kanta Jena on the nuclear force of nature, which, though the strongest amongst the four forces operating in the universe, we are unable to experience this force due to its short-range effectiveness only within a very small dimension of the nucleus. In the present paper, the author discusses the possible reasons why there is no definite expression, or formula, for the nuclear potential unlike gravitational potential and electromagnetic potential. The last paper ‘Environment and Development: A Perspective Based on the Gita Philosophy,’ is an excellent analysis of the present environmental and developmental scenarios from the scientific-human and from the Spiritual Divine perspectives. With the help of recent scientific documents providing sustainable earth proposals, as well as various verses from the age-old Indian philosophical epic Gita, the authors have shown clearly how our erroneous conception of both the environment as well as of development has led to the selfish pursuit of exploitation of nature; and how we have totally forgotten the essence given in verse 33 of chapter 4 of Gita: “material development is certainly inferior to advancement of understanding through deep study and meditation”. 

With this issue, the journey ‘towards unification of sciences’ happily covers a span of two years. 

By,

Dr. Raja Kishore Paramguru