Abstract

Brahman, the ultimate reality and foundational concept in Vedic Philosophy, has intrigued philosophers and seekers for millennia.  This paper delves into the profound insights of Vedic Wisdom regarding Brahman, exploring its scientific implications and parallels with modern scientific thought.  Drawing from Vedic scriptures, including the Vedas, Upanishads, and other classical texts, we unravel the multifaceted nature of Brahman and its significance in understanding the fundamental essence of the universe.

Introduction: Unravelling the Mysteries of Brahman in Vedic Philosophy

Brahman, the foundational concept in Vedic Philosophy, stands as a beacon of profound wisdom, inviting seekers to delve into the deepest mysteries of existence.  Across millennia, sages and scholars have contemplated the nature of Brahman, recognizing it as the ultimate reality that transcends all limitations and boundaries.  In the intricate tapestry of Vedic scriptures, including Vedas, Upanishads, and various philosophical treatises, Brahman emerges as the central theme, guiding humanity on a quest for truth, knowledge, and enlightenment.

At its core, Brahman defies conventional understanding, eluding precise definition or conceptualization.  Yet, through the rich tapestry of Vedic wisdom, glimpses of Brahman’s essence emerge, offering insights into the nature of reality, consciousness, and the universe itself.  In the pages of ancient texts, we encounter profound slokas, sutras, and verses that beckon us to explore the depths of Brahman’s mysteries and unravel the cosmic secrets it holds.

The exploration of Brahman transcends mere intellectual inquiry; it encompasses a journey of spiritual discovery, a quest to apprehend the underlying unity that permeates all existence.  As we embark on this journey, we encounter a tapestry of philosophical insights, metaphysical revelations, and contemplative reflections that illuminate the path toward understanding Brahman’s nature and significance.

In this paper, we embark on an odyssey into the heart of Vedic Philosophy, seeking to unravel the mysteries of Brahman and explore its implications for contemporary understanding.  Through a meticulous examination of key Vedic references, slokas and sutras, we endeavor to discern the scientific underpinnings of Brahman and its resonance with modern scientific thought.

Our journey begins with an exploration of Brahman’s portrayal in Vedic Scriptures, delving into foundational texts such as the Chandogya Upanishad, Taittiriya Upanishad, Mandukya Upanishad, and verses from Rig Veda and Brahma-sutra or Vedanta Darshan.  These ancient texts serve as windows into the cosmic panorama of Brahman, offering glimpses of its omnipresence, transcendence, and essential attributes.

As we navigate the labyrinthine corridors of Vedic Wisdom, we encounter profound insights into Brahman’s relationship with consciousness, cosmology, and the fabric of existence itself.  We draw parallels between Brahman and contemporary scientific concepts, exploring its implications for unified field theory, quantum entanglement, consciousness studies, and cosmological evolution.

Through our inquiry, we seek not only to unravel the mysteries of Brahman but also to bridge the realms of philosophy and science, forging connections that transcend cultural, temporal, and disciplinary boundaries.  In the convergence of Vedic wisdom and modern scientific inquiry, we find echoes of a universal narrative, inviting us to explore the interconnectedness of all phenomena and the fundamental unity that underlies the cosmos.

As we embark on this intellectual odyssey, we invite readers to join us in a journey of exploration, contemplation, and discovery.  Together, let us unravel the mysteries of Brahman and delve into the profound insights of Vedic Philosophy, illuminating the path toward a deeper understanding of ourselves, the universe, and the timeless truths that transcend the boundaries of time and space.

Janmadyasya Yatah. Ref. Vedanta 1.1.2. 

Meaning: From which everything – the origin, sustenance and dissolution etc. of this world proceed. Or in other words, it is the passage of Taittiriya Upanishad III -: Bhrigu Varuni went to his father Varuna saying – “Sir, teach me Brahman.”  Varuna said: “that from whence these beings are born, that by which, when born they live, that into which they enter at their death, try to know that. That is Brahman.

You will attain self-realization through meditation on Brahman or the truths declared by Vedantic texts and not through mere reasoning.  Pure reason (Suddha Buddhi) is a help in self-realization.  It investigates and reveals the truths of the scriptures.  But perverted intellect (Viparita Buddhi) is a great hindrance.  It keeps one far away from the truth.

That which is the cause of the world is Brahman.  This is Tatastha Lakshana.The origin, sustenance and dissolution of the world are characteristics of the world.  They do not pertain to the eternal unchanging Brahman.  Yet these indicate Brahman which is the cause for this universe.  Shrutis give another definition of Brahman.  This is a description of its true, essential nature “Satyam Jnanam Anantam Brahma – Truth, Knowledge, and Infinity is Brahman.  This is Swarupa Lakshna.

Brahman in Vedic Scriptures:

Brahman, the ultimate reality and foundational concept in Vedic Philosophy, intricately woven throughout the rich tapestry of Vedic scriptures, including the Vedas, Upanishads, and other philosophical texts.  In these ancient texts, Brahman is depicted as the transcendent, omnipresent, and immanent force that underlies all of creation.

1. Rigveda: 

• The Rigveda, the oldest of the Vedas, contains hymns and verses dedicated to various aspects of the divine.  While Brahman is not explicitly named in the Rigveda, many hymns allude to the concept of a supreme, all-encompassing reality that transcends the material world.

“Ekam Sad Vipra Bahudha Vadanti” – This sutra can be traced in Rigveda and the Upanishads. The meaning is One Truth is worshipped in different names. And truth means Yat Asti, Yat Abadhitam – which is there and cannot be negated in any circumstances of time (past, present, future, time and space) is the truth or Eeswara. And the all else are subject to change or Naswara.

2. Yajurveda:

• The Yajurveda contains sacrificial formulas and rituals, but it also includes philosophical insights into the nature of reality.  Brahman is often invoked in prayers and rituals as the cosmic principle that sustains and permeates the universe.

3. Samaveda:

• The Samaveda consists of melodies and chants derived from the Rigveda, and it also contains philosophical reflections on the nature of existence.  Brahman is praised as the source of all melodies and rhythms, symbolizing the harmony and order inherent in the cosmos.

4. Atharvaveda:

• The Atharvaveda includes hymns and incantations for various practical purposes, such as healing and protection.  Brhaman is invoked in these rituals as the ultimate source of power and wisdom, embodying the divine essence that pervades all aspects of life.

5. Upanishads:

• The Upanishads, are the philosophical texts that form the concluding portions of the Vedas, delve deeply into the nature of Brahman and its relationship to the individual self (Atman).  In texts like the Chandogya Upanishad, the Taittiriya Upanishad, and the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Brahman is described as the unchanging reality that underlies the ever-changing world of appearances.

6. Bhagavad Gita:

• The Bhagavad Gita, a sacred text revered by Hindus worldwide, presents a dialogue between Lord Sri Krishna and the warrior Arjuna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra.  In the Gita, Brahman is identified as the ultimate goal of spiritual realization, and the path to realizing Brahman is through selfless devotion (Bhakti) and inner transformation.

7. Brahma-sutras:

• The Brahma-sutras, attributed to the sage Vyasa, are aphoristic statements that systematically analyze the teachings of the Upanishads.  In these sutras, Brahman is expounded upon as the cause of creation, preservation and dissolution, transcending the limitations of time, space, and causation.

In Summary, Brahman pervades the entire fabric of Vedic scriptures, serving as the central theme around which the philosophy, rituals and spiritual practices revolve.  It represents the ultimate reality that transcends the dualities of existence, inviting seekers to delve into the depths of consciousness and realize the underlying unity that binds all of creation.

Here are few referenced slokas from Vedic Philosophy on Brahman:

1. Chandogya Upanishad (6.2.1):

“Sarvam Khalvidam Brahma” – “All this is indeed Brahman.”

2. Taittiriya Upanishad (3.1.1):

“Satyam Jnanam Anantam Brahma” – “Brahman is truth, knowledge and infinity.”

3. Mandukya Upanishad (7):

“Ayam Atma Brahma” – “This self (Atman) is Brahman.”

4. Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (1.4.10)

“Tat Tvam Asi” – “You are That.”

This sloka emphasizes the identity of the individual self (Atman) with Brahman, highlighting the realization of oneness and unity.

Poorna Madah, Poorna Midam, Poornat Poorna Mudachyate,

Poornasya Poorna Madaya, Poorna Meva Vasisyate. (Brihadaranaya Upanishad 5.1.1.)

This sloka emphasizes the completeness and wholeness of Brahman, highlighting that Brahman is infinite and the source of all creation.

5. Bhagavad Gita (9.4):

“Maya Tatam Idam Sarvam Jagad Avyakta-Murtina”

“By me, in my unmanifested form, this entire universe is pervaded.”

“Sarvasya Chaham Hridi-sannivista.” (B.G. 15.15)

“I am seated in the hearts of all living beings.”

“Eeswarah Sarva Bhutanam.” (B.G. 18.61)

“God is everywhere in all creatures.”

6. Chandogya Upanishad (3.14.1):

“Yato Vaacho Nivartante Apraapya Manasaa Saha”

“From where words turn back, along with the mind, unable to reach it.”

This verse depicts Brahman as beyond the grasp of ordinary perception and cognition, transcending the limitations of the intellect.

These slokas encapsulate the profound insights of Vedic Philosophy regarding Brahman, portraying it as the ultimate reality that pervades the cosmos and underlies the entire fabric of existence.

Definition of Brahman, Eeswar and Bhagban with Vedic References:

Vadanti Tatvam Tatvidastatvam Yajgyanam Paramam Adwayam |

Brahmeti Paramatmeti Bhagban Iti Sabdyate || (Srimad Bhagbat 1.2.11)

Meaning: Leaned transcendentalists who know the Absolute Truth call this non-dual substance as Brahma, Paramatma or Bhagavan.

Brahman refers to the ultimate reality, the unchanging, eternal and all-pervading essence of the universe.  It transcends all dualities and limitations, representing the substratum from which all phenomena arise and into which they ultimately dissolve.

Ishvara or Eeswara:  

Yat Asti Yat Abadhitam – Tat Satyam, Tat Eeswaram Uchyate.  It means Eeswar is the synonym for TRUTH – that absolute truth which is not subject to change at all circumstances of time, space, present, past and future.  All else are Naswara or subject to change.

Bhagavan:  

Aisvaryasya Samagrasya Dharmasya Yasasa-Shriyam |

Jnana Vairagyoschaiva Shanam ‘Bhaga’ itirana || (Sri VishnuPuran 6.5.74)

This reference highlights Isvara’s omnipresence as residing in the hearts of all beings and emphasizes the qualities of sovereignty, righteousness, fame, beauty, knowledge, and renunciation as manifestations of Ishvara.  It concludes that whatever exists and whatever is unchanging is indeed the truth, Ishvara or Bhagavan. (‘Bha’ represents ‘Bhumi’ or Earthly sphere, ‘Ga’ represents ‘Gagan’ or Sky or Ether, ‘Va’ represents ‘Vayu’ or Air, ‘Aa’ represents ‘Agni’ or Fire, and ‘Na’ represents ‘Nira’ or Water – that all constitutes the whole existence is known as Bhagavan.  This is a synonym for the whole existence and the law which governs the whole existence.

Ishavasyam Midagwam Sarvam. (Isho-Upanishad 1.) Ishvarah Sarva Bhutanam – (Bhagabat Gita 18.61). It means the omnipresence Ishvara is residing in the hearts of all beings.

Brahma : 

Brihati Vringayati Iti Tat Brahma.  It means which is very big and from which everything manifests.

Scientific Implications of Brahman:

Brahman, as expounded in Vedic philosophy, hold profound implications that resonate with contemporary scientific paradigms.  While Brahman is traditionally understood as the ultimate reality transcending all phenomena, its conceptualization also offers insights that parallel modern scientific understanding.  

As we know, science is more than just a collection of facts and theories; it is a process, a methodology for uncovering the truths that lie hidden beneath the surface of reality.  It is a celebration of human ingenuity and collaboration, as generations of scientists build upon the discoveries of their predecessors, pushing the boundaries of what we know and what we can imagine.

Here, we explore the scientific implications of Brahman and its resonance with various branches of science:

1. Unified Field Theory (Physics):

• Brahman is often described as the unifying principle underlying the diversity of the cosmos.  In the quest for a unified field theory, physicists seek to reconcile the fundamental forces of nature into a single, coherent framework.  Brahman’s concept as the underlying unity resonates with the scientific endeavor to discover the fundamental laws governing the universe.

2. Quantum Entanglement (Quantum Physics):

• Brahman’s omnipresence and interconnectedness find parallels in phenomena like quantum entanglement.  In this phenomenon, particles exhibit correlated behavior regardless of spatial separation, suggesting a deeper underlying unity beyond conventional boundaries.  Brahman’s concept as the source of interconnectedness aligns with the interconnected nature of quantum particles.

3. Consciousness Studies (Neuroscience):

• Vedic philosophy posits consciousness as intrinsic to Brahman, permeating all aspects of reality.  In contemporary neuroscience, the study of consciousness remains a profound mystery.  Understanding Brahman’s relationship with consciousness may offer insights into the nature of subjective experience, perception, and the neural correlates of consciousness.  

4. Cosmology and Quantum Gravity (Astrophysics):

• Brahman’s portrayal as the creative source of the universe finds resonance in modern cosmology and quantum gravity theories.  Cosmologists explore the origins of the universe and the nature of cosmic evolution.  Brahman’s concept as the cosmic principle may inform theories of the multiverse, cosmic inflation, and the nature of space-time.

5. Complex Systems and Emergence (Complexity Science):

• Brahman’s manifestation as the source of complexity and emergence parallels the study of complex systems in science.  Complex systems exhibit emergent properties that cannot be reduced to the behavior of individual components.  Brahman’s concept as the underlying reality that gives rise to diverse forms of existence reflects the emergent nature of complex systems.

6. Information Theory and Entropy (Information Science):

• Brahman’s concept as the ultimate reality may find parallels in information theory and entropy.  Information theory explores the fundamental principles underlying communication and information processing.  Brahman’s concept as the substratum of existence may relate to the notion of information as a fundamental aspect of reality.

In conclusion, the concept of Brahman in Vedic philosophy offers profound insights that resonate with contemporary scientific thought.  While Brahman is traditionally understood in metaphysical terms, its implications extend to various branches of science, offering a holistic perspective on the nature of reality, consciousness, and the universe.  Exploring the scientific implications of Brahman invites interdisciplinary dialogue and enriches our understanding of the fundamental principles underlying existence.

Brahman and Consciousness: Exploring the Cosmic Connection

In the vast expanse of Vedic philosophy, Brahman and consciousness emerge as central themes that intertwine in a dance of cosmic significance.  Brahman, the ultimate reality, and consciousness, the essence of awareness, are intricately linked in the fabric of existence according to Vedic wisdom.  Understanding the relationship between Brahman and consciousness offers profound insights into the nature of reality, the self, and the universe.

Brahman, as expounded in Vedic scriptures, represents the transcendent, omnipresent, and immutable principle that underlies all of creation.  It is described as the substratum of existence, the source from which the entire cosmos emanates and into which it ultimately resolves.  Brahman is beyond attributes, beyond the limitations of time, space, and causality.  It is the unchanging essence amidst the ever-changing phenomena of the universe.

Consciousness, on the other hand, is the essence of awareness, the subjective experience of being.  It is the light that illuminates the mind, enabling perception, cognition, and self-reflection.  Consciousness pervades all levels of existence, from the simplest organisms to the most complex sentient beings.  It is the essence of life itself, the spark of divinity within each living being.

The relationship between Brahman and consciousness can be understood in several key ways:

1. Identity of Atman and Brahman:

In Vedic philosophy, the individual self (Atman) is considered identical to Brahman.  The Mandukya Upanishad proclaims, “Ayam Atma Brahma” – “This self is Brahman.”  This identity signifies that the essence of the individual self is not separate from the ultimate reality of Brahman.  Consciousness, as the essence of the self, reflects the consciousness of Brahman.

2. Cosmic Consciousness:

Brahman, is often described as the cosmic consciousness that pervades the entire universe.  Just as individual consciousness animates the mind and the body, Brahman’s consciousness animates the cosmos.  Every sentient being is a manifestation of this cosmic consciousness, reflecting the divine essence of Brahman within.

3. Transcendence of Individual Consciousness:

While individual consciousness is limited by the boundaries of the mind and body, Brahman’s consciousness transcends all limitations.  It is the witness consciousness that observes the play of creation without being bound by it.  Through practices like meditation and self-inquiry, one can transcend the limitations of individual consciousness and realize the unity of Atman with Brahman.

4. Unity of Subject and Object:

In the state of pure consciousness, the distinction between subject and object dissolves.  Brahman is the ultimate subject, the observer behind all phenomena, while individual consciousness identifies with the objects of perception.  Through the realization of Brahman, the subject-object duality is transcended, leading to the direct experience of unity and wholeness.

The exploration of Brahman and consciousness is not merely a philosophical inquiry but a deeply transformative journey of self-discovery and realization.  By understanding the relationship between Brahman and consciousness, one gains insights into the nature of reality, the interconnectedness of all beings, and the timeless truths that underlie existence.

In conclusion, Brahman and consciousness represent the essence of Vedic philosophy, offering a profound perspective on the nature of reality and the self.  Through the realization of Brahman, one transcends the limitations of individual consciousness and experiences the eternal bliss of cosmic awareness.  The journey towards Brahman – consciousness union is the pinnacle of spiritual evolution, leading to liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and death, and the attainment of ultimate freedom and fulfillment.

Brahman and Cosmology: Exploring the Cosmic Order

In the vast expanse of Vedic philosophy, Brahman and cosmology intertwine as profound concepts that shed light on the nature of the universe and its underlying principles.  Brahman, the ultimate reality, and cosmology, the study of the origin, structure, and evolution of the cosmos, offer complementary perspectives that illuminate the cosmic order and the interconnectedness of all existence.

Brahman, as described in Vedic scriptures, transcends the material universe and serves as the foundational principle from which all phenomena arise.  It is the ineffable, omnipresent, and eternal reality that underlies the ever-changing manifestations of the cosmos.  Brahman is beyond attributes, beyond the limitations of time, space and causality.  It is the substratum of existence, the source from which the entire universe emanates and into which it ultimately resolves.

Cosmology, on the other hand, explores the origins, structure, and dynamics of the universe.  It encapsulates theories and observations from various scientific disciplines, including astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology.  Cosmologists seek to unravel the mysteries of the cosmos, from the birth of galaxies to the evolution of stars and the emergence of life.

The relationship between Brahman and cosmology can be understood in several key ways:

1. Cosmic Creation:

According to Vedic cosmology, Brahman is the creative source of the universe.  The Rigveda proclaims, “Ekam Sat Vipra Bahudha Vadanti” – “Truth is one, the wise call it by many names.”  This verse suggests that Brahman manifests in diverse forms, giving rise to the multiplicity of the cosmos.  Cosmologists explore theories of cosmic inflation, the Big Bang, and the formation of galaxies and clusters to understand the origin and evolution of the universe – as declared by Sri Krishna in Srimad Bhagvad Gita (10.8) – “Aham Sarvasya Prabhavo Mattah Sarvam Pravartate” – “I am the source of all spiritual and material worlds.  Everything emanates from me.”

2. Cosmic Evolution:

Brahman’s manifestation as the creative principle parallels modern cosmological theories of cosmic evolution.  Just as Brahman unfolds into the diverse manifestations of the universe, cosmologists study the evolution of stars, galaxies, and cosmic structures over billions of years.  The concept of Brahman underscores the interconnectedness of all phenomena, from the smallest particles to the largest cosmic structures.

3. Cosmic Order and Harmony:

In Vedic philosophy, Brahman represents the cosmic order and harmony that pervades the universe.  The Upanishads describe Brahman as “Satyam Jnanam Anantam Brahma” – “Brahman is truth, knowledge and infinity.”  This suggests that Brahman embodies the underlying principles of order, intelligence, and infinity that govern the cosmos.  Cosmologists seek to uncover the fundamental laws of nature that govern the behavior of matter, energy, space, and time.

4. Transcendence of Space and Time:

Brahman’s nature as transcending space and time resonates with cosmological concepts of higher dimensions and the fabric of space-time.  While Brahman is beyond the limitations of temporal and spatial dimensions, cosmologists explore theories of relativity, quantum mechanics, and string theory to understand the nature of reality at the cosmic scale.

In conclusion, the exploration of Brahman and cosmology offers profound insights into the nature of the universe and humanity’s place within it.  Through the lens of Vedic philosophy and modern cosmology, we gain a deeper understanding of the cosmic order, the interconnectedness of all existence, and the eternal truths that underlie the cosmos.  The journey of inquiry into Brahman and cosmology is a timeless quest for knowledge, wisdom, and the realization of the ultimate reality that transcends the boundaries of space, time and causality.

Conclusion

In the exploration of Brahman and its implications for cosmology, we embark on a journey that transcends the boundaries of space, time, and human understanding.  Brahman, the ultimate reality, serves as the foundational principle from which the entire cosmos emanates and into which it ultimately resolves.  Through the lens of Vedic philosophy and cosmological inquiry, we gain insights into the nature of existence, the cosmic order, and humanity’s place within the vast expanse of the universe.

As we contemplate the profound mysteries of Brahman and cosmology, several timeless slokas from Vedic scriptures offer guidance and inspiration:

1. Rigveda (1.164.46):

• “Ekam Sat Vipra Bahudha Vadanti” – “Truth is one, the wise call it by many names.”
• This verse from the Rigveda emphasizes the underlying unity amidst the diversity of creation, echoing Brahman’s transcendental nature as the singular truth behind the manifold universe.

2. Taittiriya Upanishad (3.1.1):

• “Satyam Jnanam Anantam Brahma” – “Brahma is truth, knowledge, and infinity.”
• This sutra highlights the attributes of Brahman, depicting it as the ultimate reality characterized by truth, knowledge, and infinity.

3. Chandogya Upanishad (6.2.1.)

• “Sarvam Khalvidam Brahma” – “All this is indeed Brahman”.
• This sloka from the Chandogya Upanishad emphasizes the omnipresence of Brahman, suggesting that the entire universe is an expression of Brahman’s essence.

4. Brahma-Sutra or Vedanta Darshan (1.2)

• “Janmadasya Yatah” – “From which everything starts, from where everything stays and where everything perishes at last is Brahma.”

As we reflect on these sacred verses, we recognize the timeless wisdom embedded within Vedic scriptures, guiding humanity towards a deeper understanding of the cosmos and the ultimate reality that permeates all of existence.  Brahman’s transcendental nature invites us to transcend the limitations of our individual perspectives and embrace the interconnectedness of all phenomena.

In the convergence of Brahman and cosmology, we find echoes of a universal narrative, inviting us to explore the interconnectedness of all existence and the fundamental unity that underlies the cosmos.  Through interdisciplinary dialogue and contemplative inquiry, we gain a deeper appreciation for the profound mysteries of existence and the eternal truths that guide us on our journey of self-discovery and realization.

As we conclude our exploration of Brahman and cosmology, may we continue to seek knowledge, wisdom, and understanding, embracing the timeless teachings of Vedic philosophy and the revelations of modern science.  In the quest for truth and enlightenment, may we be guided by the eternal light of Brahman, illuminating our path towards unity, harmony, and cosmic realization.

Through the timeless wisdom of Vedic scriptures and the ever-evolving insights of cosmological inquiry, may we journey towards a deeper understanding of Brahman and the infinite expanse of the cosmos, embracing the mysteries that lie beyond the horizon of human comprehension.

Here, the search begins and our affair with truth continues…

N.B.

From Atheism to Theism: Unveiling TRUTH in the realm of Reason and Faith

Embarking on a journey of self-discovery, I’ve transitioned from atheism to theism. This shift has brought a newfound sense of purpose, moral grounding, and a deeper connection to the intricate tapestry of life. Embracing theism has opened my heart to the possibility of a higher power, offering solace in uncertainty and enriching my perspective on existence. Acknowledging the logical possibility of a higher power adds a layer of intellectual depth to my belief system. Theism, with its moral framework, aligns with the human pursuit of meaning and ethical guidance. Embracing this shift doesn’t negate critical thinking; rather, it reflects a nuanced understanding of the complexities of existence. As I embark on this profound shift from atheism to theism, the search for truth takes centre stage in my evolving narrative. This transformation marks the beginning of a meaningful exploration, where reason intertwines with faith. My affair with truth continues, guiding me on a quest for understanding and deeper insights. I am eager to embrace the complexities of this journey, fuelled by a genuine desire for knowledge and sincere pursuit of authenticity. I promise and committed to maintaining a rational dialogue and embracing the intersection of faith and reason.

Bibliography

1. Lectures of Jagatguru-Uttam Shri Kripalu Ji Maharaj
2. Main Kaun Aur Mera Kaun –a Vedic Treatise by Jagatguru Shri Kripalu Ji Maharaj.
3. Srimad Bhagabat Gita
4. Srimad Bhagabat
5. Chandogya Upanishad
6. Taittiriya Upanishad
7. Isho-Uponishad
8. Rig Veda
9. Yajur Veda
10. Sam Veda
11. Atharva Veda
12. Brihat Aaranyak Upanishad

    13.. Brahma-Sutra or Vedanta

14. Sri Vishnu Puran
15. Lectures of Swami Mukundananda